Lactobacillus strains → tolerate → acid and bile salts
pH: 2.0 and 3.0bile concentration: 0.3%
“Results showed twenty seven isolates did not have ability to tolerate acid and bile salts and antimicrobial activity against four indicator bacteria included Eshirichia coli, Listeria monocytogenesis, bacillus cereus, Salmonella entritidis. Only one Isolate namely Lactobacillus casei could tolerate acid and bile salt and had antibacterial activity against of L. monocytogenesis.”
Legionella pneumophila → survive → salt solutions
temperature: 4-20 degrees Csalt_concentration: up to 3% NaCl
“It was found that at temperatures between 4 degrees C and 20 degrees C, Legionella organisms survived in salt solutions up to 3% NaCl.”
quinoa → can grow in → salt concentrations as high as those found in seawater (40 mS cm−1)
“The crop has also demonstrated unusually high salt tolerance; many varieties can grow in salt concentrations as high as those found in seawater (40 mS cm−1)”
Campylobacter jejuni → did not survive → salting, rinsing, and chilling operations
location: kosher processing plant
“The organisms did not survive the salting, rinsing, and chilling operations in a kosher processing plant.”
bacteria added to food → should have → limited extent of bile salt transformation capacity
“the absence or limited extent of bile salt transformation capacity of bacteria added to food should be a pre-requisite for labelling a product as GRAS (generally recognised as safe)”
salt content → should be regulated in → processed and fast food and in snacks
“Regulation of the salt content in processed and fast food and in snacks is advocated, to curtail the salt burden on society imposed by the food industry.”
salt intake → should be limited to → 5-6 g/d
“Salt intake in young men was alarming high and even subjects in the lowest quartile of Na excretion did not meet present recommendations to limit salt intake to 5-6 g/d.”
salt water or shellfish exposure → increases the risk of → Vibrio vulnificus wound infections
“Patients with wound infections were more likely than controls to have had recent exposure of the skin to salt water or shellfish (P less than .05).”
Lactobacillus isolates → are resistant to → NaCl (1–6%), bile salt (0.5–3%)
“The isolates were resistant to NaCl (1–6%), bile salt (0.5–3%) and showed good growth in the acidic condition, while maximum growth was observed at pH around 6.0.”
salt intake reduction → requires → nationwide policies
policies: food reformulation and food labelling
“To reduce salt intake, it is necessary to adopt a combination of nationwide policies such as food reformulation and food labelling.”