Vibrio vulnificus → fails to multiply in → shellstock oysters
temperature: 13 degrees C and below
“At 13 degrees C and below, V. vulnificus failed to multiply in the oysters.”
Vibrio vulnificus → multiplies in → shellstock oysters
temperature: 18 degrees C for 30 h and under ambient conditions for 12 and 30 h
“In oysters held at 18 degrees C for 30 h and under ambient conditions for 12 and 30 h, V. vulnificus numbers were statistically greater (P < 0.05) than those in oysters at harvest.”
Vibrio vulnificus → survived → in shellstock and shucked oysters
duration: 7 days,14 days,6 daystemperature: 10 degrees C and below,2 degrees C,4 degrees C
“When two species of shellstock oysters were artificially contaminated with Vibrio vulnificus, the bacterium survived when the oysters were stored at 10 degrees C and below. Large numbers of endogenous V. vulnificus cells were found after 7 days at both 0.5 and 10 degrees C in uninoculated control oysters (Crassostrea virginica). Oysters allowed to take up V. vulnificus from seawater retained the bacterium for 14 days at 2 degrees C. V. vulnificus injected into shucked Pacific (Crassostrea gigas) and Eastern (C. virginica) oysters survived at 4 degrees C for at least 6 days.”
E. coli O157:H7 → has been isolated from → feed, water for livestock, manure, soil and flies
“Escherichia coli O157:H7 has been isolated from feed, water for livestock, manure, soil and flies, all of which represent potential sources of contamination for cattle and their environment.”
Salmonella species and campylobacters → are common contaminants → poultry and livestock
“Several foodborne pathogens, including Salmonella species and campylobacters, are common contaminants in poultry and livestock.”
